Princeton Review Chapter 10

The shift in presidential elections began in 1824 when John Quincy Adams progressed to his presidency. The congressional caucuses chose the party's nominee that would lead to the next president during the election of 1824. However, when the Democratic-Republican caucus chose the nominee William H. Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and many other nominees challenged the nomination, and resulted in the demise of the caucus system because it was accused of being "undemocratic". John Quincy Adams was given victory but then it was removed when the Speaker of the House of Clay did not support him due to his "corrupt bargain", as quoted by the opponents of the caucus system and the Speaker's choice.

After Adam's presidency, Andrew Jackson assembled a network with people to assure that he would receive wide population for his campaign. The Democratic party we have today results in the rallying of political organizations, newspaper publishers, and community leaders. The war between Jackson and Adams soon flared when Jackson accused Adams of being a "corrupt career politician" while Adams shot back by releasing the Coffin Handbill, which accused Jackson of murdering his men that were enlisted during the Indian Wars. During the Jacksonian democracy, the benefits to the government were coming from the universal white manhood suffrage, which is the extension of voting rights to all white males, even if they did not own property or had their limits.

Jackson's policy has not received more criticism by modern scholars than his treatment to the Cherokees by passing the Indian Removal Act through Congress in 1830. The Indians were still treated the same and no treaties were made, especially in the aftermath of the French and Indian War.

President Andrew Jackson was focused on nullification, which is the right of individual states to disobey federal laws that are found unconstitutional. The judicial review is a review of legislative and executive actions. Americans began rebelling against the Tariff of 1828, but Jackson believed in the states' rights and decided to send troops to thwart the rebels. Jackson vetoed the Second Bank of the United States, and eventually caused the Panic of 1837.